Na Landigo se dnes naučíme tvořit krátké větičky (např. odpovědi: Ano, jsem.; Ne, nejsem.). Používáme je, když nechceme opakovat to, co už bylo řečeno.
Krátké odpovědi (short answers) – procvičování:
Porovnejte:
Are you hungry?
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Yes, I am hungry.
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Yes, I am (= I am hungry).
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Vicky can't drive a motorbike, but Adam can. = Vicky neumí řídit motorku, ale Adam ano.
...but Adam can. |
...but Adam can drive a motorbike. |
Pokud už bylo něco řečeno a nechceme opakovat celou větu, často použijeme pouze podmět (Nick, he, we...) a pomocné nebo modální sloveso (is, won't, can't...):
We aren't thirsty, but Nick is thirsty.
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We aren't thirsty, but Nick is.
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I will be busy. He won't be busy.
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I will be busy. He won't.
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Can David surf? – No, he can't surf.
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Can David surf? – No, he can't.
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Could David come? – Yes, he could come.
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Could David come? – Yes, he could.
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I haven't been to New Zealand, but my parents have. = Na Novém Zélandu jsem nikdy nebyl, ale moji rodiče ano.
...but my parents have (been to New Zealand). |
Will Ellen fly to Los Angeles? – She might. = Poletí Ellen do Los Angeles? – Možná ano.
She might (fly to Los Angeles).
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Should we wait for Ryan? – Of course, we should. = Měli bychom počkat na Ryana? – Samozřejmě, že ano.
Of course, we should (wait for Ryan).
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V přítomném prostém čase použijeme DO/DOES nebo DON'T/DOESN'T:
Nick doesn't work on Monday, but I work on Monday.
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Nick doesn't work on Monday, but I do.
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I like it, but Mike doesn't like it.
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I like it, but Mike doesn't.
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Do you speak English well? – Yes, I do. = Mluvíš dobře anglicky? – Ano, mluvím.
Yes, I speak English well.
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Yes, I speak I do.
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We like American football, but Simon doesn't. = Máme rádi americký fotbal, ale Simon ne.
...but Simon doesn't (like American football). |
V minulém prostém čase použijeme DID nebo DIDN'T:
Nick didn't work yesterday, but I worked.
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Nick didn't work yesterday, but I did.
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Nick liked it. I didn't like it.
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Nick liked it. I didn't.
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My friends didn't enjoy rafting, but I did. = Moji přátelé si rafting neužili, ale já ano.
...but I enjoyed rafting. |
...but I did. |
V krátkých záporných větách použijeme sloveso v plném nebo zkráceném tvaru. Zkrácený tvar je běžnější:
I'm at home, he isn't.
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I'm at home, he is not.
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Is this our boarding gate? – No, it isn't. = Je to naše nástupní brána? – Ne, není.
Zkrácený tvar: |
No, it isn't.
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Plný tvar: |
No, it is not.
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V krátkých kladných větách používáme pouze sloveso v plném tvaru:
I'm not at home, he is.
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Are you ready? – Yes, I am.
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Are they coming? – Yes, they are.
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Nikoliv: ...he's., ...I'm., ...they're.
Would you go to a Japanese restaurant? – Yes, we would. = Šli byste do japonské restaurace? – Ano, šli bychom.
Yes, we'd we would.
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Krátké věty jsou často odpovědi s YES a NO. V takové odpovědi používáme osobní zájmeno (I, you, she...):
Does Jane know about it? – Yes, she does.
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Is the movie long? – No, it isn't.
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Nikoliv: Yes, Jane does., No, the movie isn't.
Was the concert good? – No, it wasn't. = Byl koncert dobrý? – Ne, nebyl.
No, the concert wasn't it wasn't.
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Krátké odpovědi používáme, když souhlasíme nebo nesouhlasíme s nějakým tvrzením:
Johnny is so handsome. – Yes, he is.
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Johnny je tak pohledný. – Ano, je. |
Paul doesn't like fish. – No, he doesn't.
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Pavel nemá rád ryby. – To nemá. |
I didn't break it. – Yes, you did.
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Já jsem to nerozbil. – Ale rozbil. |
I will stop smoking. – No, you won't.
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Přestanu kouřit. – Ale nepřestaneš. |
Kelly hasn't taught French yet. – Yes, she has. = Kelly ještě francouzštinu neučila. – Ale ano, učila.
Yes, she has (taught French).
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No, she hasn't (taught French).
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Krátké odpovědi – nejdůležitější body a tip na závěr: