Na Landigo se dnes zaměříme na výrazy, které používáme v přípustkových větách. Do češtiny je často překládáme jako – přestože; ačkoliv; i když; navzdory apod.
Přípustkové věty – procvičování:
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
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Despite the rain, we went for a walk.
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Přípustkové věty (concessive clauses) vyjadřují nějaký rozpor nebo kontrast, např. mezi tím, co se očekává a co se skutečně stane:
Although it was raining, we went for a walk. (= It was expected that we wouldn't go out.)
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Although he didn't study, he passed the exam. (= It was expected that he wouldn't pass it.)
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V přípustkových větách používáme následující výrazy:
Although it was raining, we went out.
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I když pršelo, šli jsme ven. |
Though it was raining, we went out.
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In spite of the rain, we went out.
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Navzdory dešti jsme šli ven. |
Despite the rain, we went out.
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Rainy as it was, we went out.
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I když bylo deštivo, šli jsme ven. |
Rainy though it was, we went out.
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However (= No matter how) rainy it is, you need to take Charlie out.
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Nezáleží na tom, jak je deštivo, musíš vzít Charlieho ven. |
ALTHOUGH používáme před podmětem a slovesem:
Although I find Nicole very attractive, I'd never ask her out.
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I když si myslím, že je Nicole velmi atraktivní, nikdy bych ji na rande nepozval. |
I wouldn't want to live with Caleb, although he's a good friend of mine.
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Nechtěl bych bydlet s Calebem, i když je to můj dobrý kamarád. |
Nikoliv: Although finding...
Although Auntie followed the washing instructions, her designer sweater shrank.
Although following she followed the instructions... |
V hovorovější angličtině se místo ALTHOUGH často používá THOUGH:
Although I find her attractive, I'd never ask her out.
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I wouldn't want to live with him, though he's my friend.
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THOUGH může být i na konci věty:
I find her attractive, I'd never ask her out, though.
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He's my friend, I wouldn't want to live with him, though.
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Though the bridge is old, it withstood the earthquake.
Though it's old, it withstood the earthquake.
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It's old, it withstood the earthquake though.
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Although it's old, it withstood the earthquake.
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Pay more attention! You just indicated left, you were going right though.
You indicated left, you were going right although though.
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Though I didn't know anyone on the city tour, I enjoyed it.
Hovorovější: | Though I didn't know... |
Formálnější: | Although I didn't know... |
Pokud chceme kontrast více zdůraznit, použijeme EVEN THOUGH:
Even though we fight all the time, I love my wife.
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I přestože se pořád hádáme, svou ženu miluju. |
Matt didn't wear a hat, even though it was cold.
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Matt si nevzal čepici, přestože byla zima. |
Brandon is still upset, even though Sophie has already apologized to him many times.
Zdůraznění kontrastu: |
He's upset, even though she has apologized.
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IN SPITE OF a DESPITE používáme před podstatným jménem:
In spite of the sunny weather, I didn't feel like going to the beach.
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Navzdory slunečnému počasí se mi na pláž nechtělo. |
Despite the weather forecast, the weather was sunny.
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Navzdory předpovědi počasí bylo slunečno. |
In spite of the strong wind, we were surfing for several hours.
In spite of the strong wind, we surfed.
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Despite the unfavourable conditions, we surfed.
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IN SPITE OF a DESPITE používáme také před slovesem s -ING:
In spite of being bored, I don't feel like going to the beach.
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Přestože se nudím, na pláž se mi nechce. |
Despite not having sunny weather, we went for a swim.
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I když jsme neměli slunečné počasí, šli jsme se vykoupat. |
Pokud je IN SPITE OF/DESPITE před slovesem s -ING, podměty obou částí věty se musí shodovat:
In spite of being bored, I don't feel like going out. (= I'm bored. I don't feel like going out.)
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Despite not having sunny weather, we went for a swim. (= We didn't have sunny weather. We went for a swim.)
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Despite not being very good at it, I enjoy playing chess very much.
Podměty se shodují: |
Despite not being good at it, I enjoy it.
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(= I'm not good at it. I enjoy it.) |
Pokud chceme IN SPITE OF/DESPITE použít před podmětem se slovesem, musíme přidat THE FACT THAT:
In spite of the fact that I'm bored, I don't feel like going out.
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Despite the fact that we didn't have sunny weather, we went for a swim.
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Porovnejte:
In spite of being bored, I don't feel like going out.
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In spite of the fact that I'm bored, I don't feel like going out.
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Despite not having sunny weather, we went for a swim.
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Despite the fact that we didn't have sunny weather, we went for a swim.
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In spite of the fact that I had drunk a lot of coffee, I didn't have any energy.
In spite of the fact that I had drunk coffee... |
In spite of a lot of coffee... |
In spite of drinking coffee... |
Despite the fact that Hailey doesn't know him well, she lent him money.
Despite the fact that she doesn't know him... |
Although/Though she doesn't know him... |
Despite not knowing him... |
Kontrast lze vyjádřit pomocí vazby – přídavné jméno + AS/THOUGH + podmět + sloveso typu BE, LOOK, SEEM...:
Tired as I was, I couldn't fall asleep.
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I když jsem byl unavený, nemohl jsem usnout. |
Great as the dessert looked, we didn't order it.
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I když dezert vypadal skvěle, neobjednali jsme si ho. |
Stupid though pigs may appear, they are quite intelligent animals.
Stupid though they may appear... |
Stupid as they may appear... |
Unlikely as victory seems at this point, we should fight until the last moment.
Unlikely as victory seems... |
Although victory seems unlikely... |
Pomocí HOWEVER + přídavného jména nebo příslovce říkáme, že na něčem nezáleží:
However (= No matter how) carefully you drive, you still have to buckle up.
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Nezáleží na tom, jak opatrně řídíš (= I přesto, že řídíš opatrně), stejně se musíš připoutat. |
However expensive the taxi is, we have no other option than to take it.
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Ať je taxi jakkoli drahé, nemáme jinou možnost, než ho vzít. |
However fast I run, there's always somebody faster in the race.
However fast I run... |
No matter how fast I run... |
However healthy you feel, you must have regular health checks.
However you feel healthy healthy you feel... |
Pozor na záměnu vět přípustkových a vět příčinných, ve kterých používáme BECAUSE, SINCE a AS:
Although I didn't study hard, I passed the exam.
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Přestože jsem se pořádně neučil, zkoušku jsem udělal. |
Since I studied hard, I passed the exam.
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Protože jsem se pořádně učil, zkoušku jsem udělal. |
I'll help you with the laundry because I can see you really need it.
Protože: |
I'll help you because you need it.
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Přestože: |
I won't help you although you need it.
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Přípustkové věty – nejdůležitější body:
Although/Though/Even though it was raining, we went out. |
It was raining, we went out though. |
In spite of/Despite the rain, we went out. |
In spite of/Despite being bored, we didn't go out. |
In spite of the fact that/Despite the fact that it was raining, we went out. |
Rainy as/though it was, we went out. |
However (= No matter how) rainy it is, you should go out. |
Doporučujeme si procvičit přípustkové věty (concessive clauses) v našich cvičeních.