Další způsoby vyjádření budoucnosti – procvičování:
Na Landigo máme k budoucímu času ještě další lekce:
I'm about to call a cab. My train is due to leave at 3 pm.
| Mluvíme o budoucnosti: |
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I'm about to call a cab.
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The train is due to leave at 3 pm.
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The train is bound to be delayed.
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Budoucnost můžeme vyjádřit pomocí vazby se slovesem BE:
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I'm about to leave.
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I'm on the verge of leaving.
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I'm on the point of leaving.
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I'm on the brink of leaving.
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I'm due to arrive at 7:30.
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I'm sure to arrive soon.
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I'm bound to arrive soon.
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I'm set to leave now.
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Budoucí plán nebo úmysl vyjadřujeme také pomocí sloves WANT, INTEND, PLAN, AGREE...:
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I want to leave soon.
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I intend to leave soon.
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BE ABOUT TO + infinitiv:
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We're about to head to the festival.
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Zrovna budeme vyrážet na festival. |
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Get your parachutes ready. You're about to jump out of the plane.
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Připravte si padáky. Za chvilku budete skákat z letadla. |
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Hurry up! The coach is about to leave!
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Pospěšte si! Autobus bude za chvíli odjíždět! |
BE ABOUT TO lze často nahradit vazbou BE GOING TO. Vazby se liší především v tom, že BE ABOUT TO zdůrazňuje více bezprostřednost děje.
Please fasten your seatbelts. We're about to start landing.
| Blízká budoucnost: |
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We're about to start landing.
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We're going to start landing shortly.
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BE ON THE VERGE OF + ING nebo podstatné jméno:
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Their economy is on the verge of collapsing.
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Jejich ekonomika je na pokraji zhroucení. |
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Their economy is on the verge of a collapse.
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I'm on the verge of signing the contract.
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Jsem těsně před podpisem smlouvy. |
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He looks like he's on the verge of bursting into tears.
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Vypadá, jako by se měl každou chvíli rozplakat. |
Nikoliv: on the verge to collapse, on the verge to sign
Erin's liver is on the verge of shutting down completely. She has no other choice but do the surgery.
| Velmi blízká budoucnost: |
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It's on the verge of shutting down.
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It's about to shut down.
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BE ON THE POINT OF + ING/podstatné jméno:
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The fish is on the point of dying out.
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Ryba je na pokraji vyhynutí. |
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The fish is on the point of extinction.
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The police are on the point of solving the case.
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Policie je těsně před vyřešením případu. |
Ben's getting desperate. He's on the point of taking the computer to the experts to sort it out.
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He's on the point to take of taking it to the experts.
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BE ON THE BRINK OF + ING/podstatné jméno:
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He's on the brink of making a discovery.
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Je velmi blízko objevu. |
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He's on the point of a discovery.
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They're on the brink of a disaster.
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Jsou na pokraji katastrofy. |
BE ON THE BRINK OF se často použije pro něco důležitého (a discovery) nebo špatného (a disaster).
I'm finally on the brink of a scientific breakthrough. I might change the course of history.
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I'm on the brink of a breakthrough.
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We're on the brink of bankruptcy.
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They're on the brink of a crisis.
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Do you happen to know what time the visitors are due to arrive?
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Nevíte náhodou, v kolik hodin mají návštěvníci přijet? |
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The train is due to be in Berlin at 11:15, but it'll be most likely delayed.
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Vlak má do Berlína přijet v 11:15, nejspíš ale bude mít zpoždění. |
Are you due to hand in this homework on Monday?
| Plánované v určitém čase: |
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Are you due to hand it in on Monday?
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Are you due to send it tomorrow?
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It's bound to happen sooner or later, everybody is expecting it.
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Dříve nebo později na to dojde, všichni s tím počítají. |
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Our team is bound to win. I have no doubt at all.
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Náš tým určitě vyhraje. Vůbec o tom nepochybuji. |
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If I work hard, I'm sure to be rewarded.
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Když budu tvrdě pracovat, jistě budu odměněn. |
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We're sure to remember that.
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Určitě si to budeme pamatovat. |
No matter how careful you are, mistakes are bound to happen.
| Velmi pravděpodobně se stane: |
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They're bound to happen.
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They're sure to happen.
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The painting is set to be auctioned in New York.
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Obraz půjde na dražbu v New Yorku. |
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All these historic buildings are set to be demolished.
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Všechny tyto historické budovy mají být zbourány. |
The trial is set to start on Friday. However, the judge may postpone it thanks to the renewed investigation.
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It's set to start on Friday.
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It's ready to start on Friday.
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Pokud chceme vyjádřit budoucí úmysl nebo plán, používáme následující slovesa:
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mean
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mít v úmyslu; chtít |
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agree
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souhlasit |
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promise
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slíbit |
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guarantee
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zaručit |
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resolve
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pevně se rozhodnout; odhodlat se |
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undertake
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pustit se do; zavázat se |
MEAN, AGREE, PROMISE... používáme s TO infinitivem a obvykle v prostém čase:
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What do you mean to do next?
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We agree to play from noon.
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I promise not to be late.
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He resolves to shave his beard.
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She undertakes to prepare me for the exams.
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Další slovesa vyjadřující úmysl nebo plán:
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plan
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zamýšlet; plánovat |
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want
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chtít |
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intend
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zamýšlet; chtít |
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expect
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očekávat; předpokládat |
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hope
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doufat |
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aim
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snažit se; usilovat |
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propose
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navrhnout |
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The government plans to create new jobs.
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Do you want me to take you shopping?
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We don't intend to fly to Asia this year.
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The captain expects to be landing soon.
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They hope to visit us in the summer.
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Sam aims to get married by 35.
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He proposes to reduce the income tax.
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U těchto sloves lze také někdy použít průběhovou formu (I'm planning to, I'm aiming to...).
I don't want to argue anymore. Let's just agree to disagree.
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Let's agree disagree to disagree.
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How exactly do you propose to complete the project in such a short time? The deadline is in three days!
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propose competing to complete it
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intend doing to do it
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plan accomplishing to accomplish it
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We're expecting to be landing at London Heathrow in an hour's time.
| We're expecting to be landing... |
| We expect to be landing... |
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They're not only looking to (= planning to) make money.
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Judith is looking to (= wants to/intends to) invest in our company.
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The couple are looking to move into the new home as early as June.
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They're looking to move in.
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They're planning to move in.
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They're intending to move in.
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BE ABOUT TO, BE DUE, WANT... můžeme použít, i když vyjadřujeme budoucnost v minulosti:
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I was about to back out of the driveway when I noticed the kitten.
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Už jsem chtěla vycouvat z příjezdové cesty, když jsem si všimla toho kotěte. |
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They were due to deliver the package earlier today.
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Balíček měli doručit ještě dnes. |
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Amy wanted to go for a swim, but the pool was closed.
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Amy si chtěla jít zaplavat, ale bazén byl zavřený. |
Použití BE ABOUT TO, BE DUE, WANT... v minulém čase obvykle znamená, že se děj nakonec neodehrál (I was about to back out. = I didn't back out.).
Více o budoucnosti v minulosti v samostatné lekci.
Christine was on the verge of calling a doctor when George suddenly got better.
| Nestalo se: |
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She was on the verge of calling him.
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She was about to call him.
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I intended to get up at seven, but I forgot to set my alarm and woke up late.
| Nestalo se: |
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I intended to get up early.
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I meant to get up early.
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I planned to get up early.
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Další způsoby vyjádření budoucnosti – nejdůležitější body:
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I'm about to leave.
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I'm on the verge of leaving.
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I'm on the point of leaving.
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I'm on the brink of leaving.
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I'm due to arrive at 7:30.
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I'm sure to arrive soon.
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I'm bound to arrive soon.
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I'm set to leave now.
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I want to leave soon.
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I intend to leave soon.
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Doporučujeme si procvičit další způsoby vyjádření budoucnosti (other ways to express future) v našich cvičeních.
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