Vyjádření důvodu a příčiny – procvičování:
Na Landigo máme další podobnou lekci: Because of, due to... (B1)
Let's meet soon because we need to plan the Christmas party.
Let's meet because we need to plan it.
|
As the party is in two weeks, we need to plan it.
|
Slovíčka, která vyjadřují příčinu a důvod (= proč se něco děje):
Spojky |
---|
because (cause, cos), as, since, for, in that, inasmuch as |
Předložky |
---|
because of, due to, thanks to, owing to, for, with |
Jako spojku nejčastěji použijeme BECAUSE nebo formálnější AS a SINCE:
Let's meet because we need to plan the party. |
As/Since the party is in two weeks, we need to plan it. |
AS/SINCE použijeme běžně, pokud je důvod známý a zaměřujeme se tedy více na výsledek:
As we are all here, we can plan it.
|
Protože (= Vzhledem k tomu, že) jsme všichni tady, můžeme to naplánovat. |
I will order a pizza, since there is nothing in the fridge.
|
Objednám pizzu, protože (jak víš) v lednici nic nemáme. |
BECAUSE použijeme běžně, pokud se zaměřujeme více na důvod:
We should meet because we need to plan it.
|
Měli bychom se sejít, protože (= důvod k tomu je takový, že) to potřebujeme naplánovat. |
I will order a pizza because there is nothing in the fridge.
|
Objednám pizzu, protože (= důvod k tomu je takový, že) v lednici nic nemáme. |
Robert couldn't send you the email because he didn't have an internet connection.
Důraz na důvod: |
He couldn't send it because he didn't have internet.
|
As we have a great new teacher, more and more children are starting to learn Italian.
Důraz na výsledek: |
As we have this teacher, they want to learn Italian.
|
Since we have this teacher, they want to learn Italian.
|
The Titanic sank because it hit an iceberg.
Důraz na důvod: |
It sank because it hit an iceberg.
|
BECAUSE, nikoliv AS/SINCE, použijeme v jednoduchých větách a otázkách:
Why are we meeting tomorrow? – Because we need to plan the party.
|
Are you ordering a pizza because there's nothing in the fridge?
|
Why do you want to see dolphins? – Because they are quite fascinating.
Jednoduchá věta: |
Because they are fascinating.
|
As they are... | |
Since they are... |
Are you laughing because I have chocolate on my shirt?
Otázka: | Are you laughing because...? |
Are you laughing as...? | |
Are you laughing, since...? |
Porovnejte použití čárky:
I can't come because I'm busy.
|
Because I'm busy, I can't come.
|
I can't come as I'm busy.
|
As I'm busy, I can't come.
|
I can't come, since I'm busy.
|
Since I'm busy, I can't come.
|
There is no reason to take a taxi, since the bus station is just around the corner.
There is no reason, since... |
There is no reason because... |
There is no reason as... |
Místo BECAUSE můžeme použít velmi hovorové CAUSE/COS:
I can't come cause I'm busy.
|
Take an umbrella cos it's raining.
|
Don't go to that beach cause it's too crowded now.
Velmi hovorové: | Don't go there cause/cos... |
Běžná angličtina: | Don't go there because... |
Ve formální angličtině vyjadřujeme důvod pomocí spojek FOR, IN THAT a INASMUCH AS:
Do not worry, for I will arrange everything.
|
Nebojte se, neboť vše zařídím. |
You have an easy life, in that you are wealthy.
|
Máte snadný život, protože jste bohatí. |
Inasmuch as the flight is delayed, we will probably miss the train.
| Jelikož je let zpožděn, pravděpodobně zmeškáme vlak. |
We decided to stop for a while, for everybody was utterly exhausted.
Velmi formální: |
We stopped, for we were exhausted.
|
Běžná angličtina: |
We stopped because we were exhausted.
|
BECAUSE OF, DUE TO a THANKS TO jsou nejběžnější předložky pro vyjádření důvodu. Jejich použití závisí především na kontextu:
because of → jakýkoliv kontext |
due to → neutrální/negativní kontext |
thanks to → pozitivní kontext |
Podobný význam jako DUE TO má také formální OWING TO.
Porovnejte:
The trip was cancelled because of/due to/owing to bad weather. | Výlet byl zrušen kvůli špatnému počasí. |
We managed to book the trip on time because of/thanks to you. | Výlet se nám podařilo rezervovat včas díky tobě. |
Brian played absolutely incredibly! Thanks to him, they became champions.
Pozitivní: | Thanks to him... |
Because of him... | |
Due to him... |
Due to my injury I was unable to finish the race.
Negativní: | Due to my injury... |
Because of my injury... | |
Thanks to my injury... |
Po předložkách BECAUSE OF, DUE TO a THANKS TO lze použít:
We lost the match because of Tom.
|
Because of Tom not playing well, we lost the match.
|
Because of what happened, everybody was sad.
|
Did you avoid the traffic jam thanks to leaving early?
Did you avoid it thanks to leaving early?
|
Did you avoid it thanks to an early departure?
|
People from certain parts of Scotland can be very difficult to understand because of their strong accent.
I can't understand them because of their strong accent.
|
I can't understand them because they have strong accent.
|
Důvod lze také někdy vyjádřit pomocí předložek FOR a WITH:
With all these excellent photos, you could organise an exhibition.
|
Protože máš všechny tyto skvělé fotky, mohl bys uspořádat výstavu. |
You could organise an exhibition for so many excellent photos.
|
Mohl bys uspořádat výstavu díky tolika skvělým fotkám. |
FOR používáme pouze uprostřed věty, WITH na začátku nebo uprostřed.
Jacob is feeling much better for the surgery.
He is feeling better for the surgery.
|
For the surgery, he is... |
With three brothers, I'm never bored.
With three brothers, I'm never bored.
|
Thanks to three brothers, I'm never bored.
|
Because I have three brothers, I'm never bored.
|
Doporučujeme si procvičit vyjádření důvodu a příčiny (expressing reason and cause) v našich cvičeních.